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Friday, July 20, 2018

VD Disease: Cause Symptoms, Treatment

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What is a venereal disease (sexually transmitted disease)?

Sexually transmitted diseases, often also called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections acquired from having sex with someone who is a host of infectious agents. There are more than 20 types of venereal diseases, including:
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
HIV / AIDS
HPV
Syphilis
Urethritis
Epididymitis
Vulvovaginal infections (genital herpes, trichomoniasis, Candidiasis, etc.);
PID (pelvic inflammatory disease.

How common is venereal disease (sexually transmitted disease)?

Sexually transmitted diseases are common, but in some cases may become more severe in women than men. If a woman develops venereal disease and becomes pregnant, this can cause serious health problems for the baby.

This disease can be overcome by reducing risk factors. Discuss with your doctor for more information.

VD Disease Signs & symptoms

What are the signs and symptoms of venereal disease (sexually transmitted diseases)?

Symptoms of venereal disease are:

Pain or lump in the genitals or in the mouth or rectal area
Urination is painful or hot
The penis gives off fluid
The vagina secretes an unusual liquid or smells strange
Unusual vaginal bleeding
Pain during sex
Lymph nodes are sore and swollen, especially in the groin but sometimes more spread
Lower abdominal pain
Common symptoms such as fever, lethargy
Rashes on other limbs, hands or feet
It should be noted that there are some venereal diseases that will "hide" over a period of time and may show only a few mild symptoms (eg 80-90% of women and more than 50% of men with genital trach C. trachomatis infection have no symptoms).

Some other symptoms or signs may not be listed above. If you feel anxious about the symptoms, consult your doctor immediately.

When should I see a doctor?

Call your doctor if:
You are sexually active and have previously been exposed to venereal diseases
You have signs and symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases
You will start sexually active
Before you start having sex with a new partner
Every body functions differently from one another. Always discuss with your doctor to get the best solution in your situation.

VD Disease Cause

What causes venereal diseases (sexually transmitted diseases)?

Viruses such as the HIV virus, hepatitis B, herpes complex, and human papilloma virus (HPV)
Bacteria like N. gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, Mycoplasma
Parasites (Trichomonas)
Candida fungus

VD Risk factors

What increases my risk for venereal disease (sexually transmitted diseases)?

sexually transmitted diseases

There are many risk factors for STD, namely:
  • People who have multiple sex partners or have polygamy or polyamour relationships
  • Homosexual men
  • People who have unprotected sex
  • Prostitute
  • Drug addicts tend to practice high-risk sexual habits
  • Abuse of alcohol or sedatives or have sex partners who perform this activity
  • People sharing the same needle
  • People living in communities with high rates of venereal disease.

VD Medication & Treatment

The information provided is not a substitute for medical advice. ALWAYS consult your doctor.

What are my treatment options for venereal disease (sexually transmitted diseases)?

Antibiotics: most effective for curing many sexually transmitted infections due to bacteria and parasites, including gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis.
Antiviral drugs: can reduce the risk of infection or recurrence if you drink it every day. The earlier you start treatment, the more effective the cure of the disease.
These medicines should be used and supervised under the doctor's indication.

What are the usual tests for venereal disease (sexually transmitted diseases)?

If your current sex history and signs and symptoms indicate that you have a venereal disease, laboratory tests are able to identify the cause and detect the problem:
Blood tests: Blood tests can confirm the diagnosis of HIV or the late stages of syphilis.
Sample urine: some STD can be ascertained by urine sample.
Fluid samples: if there are injuries in the genital area, fluid tests and samples of wounds may be performed to diagnose the type of infection. The fluid coming out of the urethral tract can also be used in some cases. Laboratory test material from wounds or fluids from the genital area is useful for diagnosing a number of STDs.

Treatment VD Disease at home
What are the lifestyle changes or home remedies that can be done to overcome venereal diseases (sexually transmitted diseases)?
The lifestyle and home remedies below may help deal with sexually transmitted diseases:
Eat healthy foods
Quit smoking
Stop using drugs
Exercising
Have safer sex
Get test and treatment for STD
Take medicine according to doctor's prescription
If you have any questions, consult your doctor for the best solution of your problem.

Reference :
  • http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-an-STD-(Sexually-Transmitted-Disease).aspx
  • http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/diagnosis-treatment/treatment/txc-20180605
  • http://www.everydayhealth.com/hiv-aids/hiv-aids-caregiving.aspx

Cancer Free with 18 Foods to Prevent Cancer

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18 Cancer Prevention Foods You Must Consume

In previous article we have food that causing cancer we should avoid, Now what foods should you consume to prevent the occurrence of cancer disease? there are many food. You can choose what foods you like. The important thing is to consume it regular so you can avoid cancer.

Here are 17 foods that can prevent you from cancer.

1. Peanuts. Rich in vitamin E that can prevent colon cancer, lungs, liver, etc.

2. Turmeric. Can prevent the development of cancer cells into cancer. Turmeric contains curcumin which is effective against cancer and other diseases, including ulcer disease.

3. The salmon, let alone the wild catch. Rich in vitamin D that blocks blood vessels that help the growth of tumors / cancer.

4. Tea, can inhibit cancer growth because it contains catechin compounds. Studies in China show very little tea drinkers get cancer.

5. Sweet potatoes also prevent you from colon cancer, stomach and lung. In fact, also breast cancer due to the content of beta carotene.

6. Berries, such as blueberries, raspberries and other berries, are very effective in preventing cancer because it is rich in oxidants and elagic acid.

7. Vegetables such as cauliflower and cabbage are very well consumed to prevent cancer. This vegetable contains phytonutrients that can fight cancer.

8. Tomatoes can also be your consumption to prevent prostate cancer. Tomatoes contain lycopene, a powerful antioxidant substance and can also prevent other cancers. You can also consume tomato juice, tomato sauce, or pasta.

9. Pomegranate, rich in elagic acid that inhibits the growth of cancer cells. Elagik acid can also disable cancer-causing compounds.

10. Cabbage of all kinds. Yes, green cabbage, white cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, watercress or cabbage purple, all you can consume to prevent cancer. However, at least you should consume 5 servings of cabbage per week. This can prevent or reduce the development of cancer.

11. Garlic and onions. Many cancers can be resisted by eating both types of onion. Namely, stomach cancer, colon cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, prostate cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer. Onions are rich in anticancer compounds.

12. Soybeans, including foods made from soybeans such as tofu and tempeh. However, consumption of soy is not recommended for breast cancer and prostate cancer. Soy contains isoflavones, anti-cancer substances.

13. Diet with two-thirds of food consists of vegetables, fruits and whole cereals. Another third of meat or fish.

14. Choose the consumption of colored vegetables and fruits. Green, red, dark orange are very well chosen for consumption because of their high nutritional content.

15. Breakfast with foods containing high folic acid. For example fresh vegetables, fruits, and whole grain products, not from supplemental pills ..

16. Purple and red wine is very good to prevent cancer because it is rich in resveratol which has anti oxidant and anti inflammatory compound.

17. Drink plenty of water because the liquid can dilute the concentration of cancer-causing substances in the bladder.

18. Dark colored vegetables can also prevent you from various cancers. For example, cancer of the larynx, mouth, lungs, pancreas, stomach, and skin. Dark leafy vegetables, such as spinach and kale. They are also rich in fiber, folic acid, and carotenoids.

Actually there are some foods that can prevent cancer. For example there are mentioning there are 36 foods preventing cancer.

Of course, you do not have to eat it all. Take some and consume consistently (continuously). For those who have not got cancer, for example, consume two weeks, three weeks, etc.

For those who have cancer according to the instructions because the nature of food and type of cancer vary.

Similarly, articles about cancer prevention foods and foods that can prevent you from cancer.

8 Foods That Cause Cancer

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Be thankful if you can successfully treat cancer so you can survive from the bad consequences that you do not want. Though for that, you have to spend big money for the treatment and suffer from the disease you are experiencing.

The best way to fight cancer, again, is to take precautions. Prevent you from getting cancer. Yes, any cancer. You should always be healthy so there is no place for the cancer to growth.

There are several ways to prevent the occurrence of cancer in your body. That is, (1) avoid cancer-causing foods and (2) eat cancer prevention foods.

The Types Of Foods That Cause Cancers You Should Avoid

What foods can cause cancer pain so should you avoid? basically, food that act as carcinogen is kind of food you should avoid. here are food you should not eat it?

8 Foods That Cause Cancer You Should Avoid
1. Saturated fatty foods. You can still eat, but do not overdo it and do it every day. For example, red meat, milk and dairy products, and oily and fatty foods like fast food.

2. Food without fiber. For example, porridge, team rice, boiled potatoes, processed starch into porridge or pudding.

3. Food that has been preserved or stored for too long like food in cans. Note the content and sugar in canned foods. If it is more than reasonable, you should avoid the food. Or, food but little.

4. Consume alcohol and smoke.

5. Various fried foods, smoked foods, and marinated foods, including fries that many fans.

6. Food lots of salt and sugar. Although both are not a direct cause of cancer pain, but the consumption of salt and sugar can eliminate other nutrients that can fight cancer. Food lots of salt can damage the lining of the stomach which ultimately increases the risk of stomach cancer.

7. Foods rich in carbohydrates such as wheat flour. Carbohydrates in flour can increase blood sugar levels that eventually trigger tumor cells and cancer, especially breast cancer, liver, intestine and stomach cancer.

8. Fruits and vegetables are contaminated with pesticides. The content of pesticides that eventually make you get cancer. Before consumed, the fruit and vegetables should be washed with water flows.

Carcinogenin in our daily activity

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Last week we heard about recall of valsartan, why valsartan has been recall? it's because valsartan contain NDMA, then what is NDMA? NDMA is compound that potent cause cancer or in the other name its act as carcinogen, during this time you may have heard the term carcinogen. Very often people say that certain foods contain carcinogens, so you should limit their consumption because it can cause cancer. However, do you know what is actually a carcinogen?

Carcinogens are not only contained in food alone, but in fact many things around us that contain carcinogens. For more details, see the following explanation.

What is a carcinogen?
Carcinogens are things that can cause cancer, can be in the form of chemicals, viruses, or even drugs and radiation used to treat cancer itself. In essence, things that directly cause cancer can be called a carcinogen. In general, cancer is caused by a carcinogen or a combination of the carcinogens themselves.

Carcinogens can work in many ways, directly destroying DNA in cells, causing abnormalities in normal cells, and another way of causing cell damage that causes cells to divide faster, which in turn can lead to the development of cancer.

What are the examples of carcinogens?
Carcinogens have been classified into 3 groups by The International Agency for Research on Cancer. The classification consists of agents and groups of agents, mixtures, and environmental exposures.

Agents and agency groups, The example is:
Aflatoxin, is naturally produced by certain fungi
Arsenic compounds
Asbestos
Benzene
Benzidine
Nickel compounds
Solar radiation
Powder containing asbestiform fibers
Vinyl chloride, and others.

Mixed, The example is:
Alcoholic beverages
An analgesic mixture containing phenacetin
Tobacco products
Tobacco smoke
Wood powder, and others.

Environmental exposure, Examples such as:
Aluminum production
Making or repairing shoes and boots
Processing coal with coal gasification
Coke production
Making furniture
The formation of iron and steel
Rubber industry
Exposure to sulfuric acid in the work environment, and others.
In essence, these carcinogens can be found in chemicals present in your surroundings, environmental radiation (such as from sunlight), radiation from medical devices, viruses, drugs, and lifestyle factors.

These carcinogens are not certain to cause cancer in everyone who is exposed. The ability of carcinogens in causing cancer among individuals varies, depending on the amount of exposure, the duration of exposure, the health of the exposed individual, and other factors. The susceptibility of every person exposed to carcinogens in causing cancer also depends on heredity. Heredity plays an important role as a cause of cancer. In many cases, the incidence of cancer is caused by many factors that work together.

Carcinogens in food
Be careful, certain foods that you usually eat may also contain carcinogenic compounds. Recent studies have shown that processed meats contain carcinogenic compounds, which means they can cause cancer, especially colorectal cancer and stomach cancer.

Processed meat in question is meat that has been through the process of salting, preservation, fermentation, fumigation, or other processes aimed at improving taste and storage. Examples of processed meats are bacon, ham, sausage, salami, corned beef, and so forth.

This is because processed meat has the following content:
Meat processing, such as preservation (which adds nitrate or nitrite to meat) or fumigation, can lead to the formation of carcinogenic compounds, such as N-nitroso-compound (NOC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

This is exacerbated by the content of heme iron in meat, which can support the production of NOC in meat.
Cooking meat at high temperatures, such as frying or baking, can also trigger the production of carcinogenic compounds, such as heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and PAHs. HCA is formed when the creatine and amino acids in the meat react to heat generated from the cooking process. HCA is one of the agents that can cause cancer.

Therefore, you should select red meat that is still fresh and cooked itself compared to processed meat cooked in the factory. You can also process the red meat by boiling or steaming rather than frying or burning which results in higher heat. This can make the meat you eat healthier.

In addition, balance your diet by eating vegetables and fruits. Vegetables and fruits can reduce levels of DNA damage and oxidation of carcinogenic compounds, thereby reducing your risk of cancer.

nutritional scale daily body need

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Intervention for Clients with Malnutrition and Obesity

Nutrition has a major role in promoting and maintaining health. Health nutrition not only contributes to the results of positive treatment but also as health care. As part of a comprehensive health assessment, including a nutritional examination to identify clients who are malnourished or at risk for developing nutritional deficits.

NUTRITIONAL STANDARDS TO PROMOTE HEALTH

1. Diet Recommendations
Several national standards are available to evaluate planning and nutrition. The most widely accepted standard in the United States is Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). The RDA sets out recommendations for energy intake, protein, vitamins, and minerals for population health. For adults it takes 1800 calories / day and 0.8 g protein / kg body weight to meet basal energy needs.

RDA can be used to estimate adequate nutrient intake over time. If the client does not meet 100% of the RDA he will be malnourished. All people who meet 100% of the RDA will not experience malnutrition.

The Food and Nutrition Board (FNB), with Canadian Health involvement, has recommended that the Dietary Intake Reference (DRI) replace the RDA. The first DRI was released recommending nutritional intake relating to bone health (Food and Nutrition, 1997). The established standard of Canada, Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI), is similar to the United States.

The role of diet and nutrition in illness has been an interesting topic for many years. The current focus is on health promotion of disease prevention. In 1995 the Dietary Guidelines for Americans were revised by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS).

The seven guidelines emphasize the importance of choosing food to maintain a healthy diet with balance, moderation. One of the most striking changes of the previous edition occurred in the heavy guidelines. For the first time, diet and physical activity are useful to maintain or increase weight.
Nutrition Recommendation for Canada (Table 64-1) is similar to Dietary Guidelines for Americans. In addition, they recommend limiting to consuming no more than four cups of coffee per day for diet and adding florida to drinking water sources to a level of 1 mg / L.

Table 64-1 Recommended Nutrition for Canada
· Sodium should be reduced
· Diet is no more than 5% of total energy
· Diet should contain no more than four cups of regular coffee per day
· Energy for the diet should be consistent with weight maintenance within the recommended range
· Diet should include essential nutrients in specific amounts of nutritional intake recommendations
· Diet should include no more than 30% of energy as fat (33 g / 1000 kcal or 39 g / 5000 kJ) not more than 10% as saturated fat (11 g / 1000 kcal or 13 g / 5000 kJ)
· Diet should provide 55% of the energy as carbohydrates (138 g / 1000 kcal or 165 g / 5000 kJ) from various sources.

2. Food Pyramid
Developed the USDA Food Guide Pyramid in 1992 to translate food recommendations into a practical graphical format (Fig. 64-2). A pyramid is chosen to communicate three key successful diets: varieties, moderation, and proportionality. The design of the pyramid of dietary buildings emphasizes on the basis of grains, fruits, and vegetables. The amount of meat, protein sources, and everyday products is added, and the intake of fats and sweets is limited. Table 64-2 shows the daily portion of each food group and explains the size of a serving.

Following this pattern produces an adequate nutritional intake if various foods are selected.
Various vegetarian dietary patterns are being adopted by many people for health, the environment, and moral reasons. In general, vegetarians are leaner than those who consume meat. Lacto-vegetarians who eat milk, cheese and milk, but avoid food, meat, fish, poultry, and eggs. The lacto-ovo-vegetarian also includes eggs. The vegetarians only eat foods that come from plants. Vegan can develop megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency. All vegetarians must make sure that they get an adequate amount of calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin D and B12. The Vegetarian Food Pyramid, supported by the Vegetarian Resource Group, can help vegetarians with daily food choices (Figure 64-3).

The third pyramid has recently been developed low-carb trends ("low-carb") diets, such as the Atkins and South Beach diet. Emphasizing the Atkins pyramid building diet on protein sources, vegetables rather than whole grains, fruits, dairy products, and nuts are added, as well as limited wheat food. Foods containing carbohydrates are the most undesirable foods, such as pasta, cakes, and white bread.

Thursday, July 19, 2018

Pathophysiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease AKA COPD

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The pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is primarily a change in the airway, but there may also be changes in pulmonary parenchymal tissue and pulmonary vasculature. Most cases of COPD are caused by exposure to harmful substances, most often caused by cigarette smoke. The pathophysiologic mechanism remains unclear, but is thought to be caused by many factors.

Damage to the Respiratory Tract

Health Lung and Lung with COPD
Structural alterations of the airway are atrophy, squamous cell metaplasia, ciliary abnormalities, plain muscle cell hyperplasia, mucosal gland hyperplasia, inflammation and bronchial wall thickening. Chronic inflammation in chronic bronchitis and emphysema is characterized by an increase in the number of CD8 T-lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes / macrophages.

In comparison, inflammation in asthma is characterized by elevated CD4 lymphocyte T cells, eosinophil and interleukin (IL) -4 and IL-5. However this can not be used for diagnosis, because there are conditions of asthma that develop into COPD.

Lung Parenchymal Damage

Emphysema causes damage to the distal structure of the terminal bronchioles. This structure consists of bronchioles, ductus alveoulus, and saccus alveoli which are overall called asinus. Damage to the alveoli will cause air flow disruption through two mechanisms, namely by decreasing the elasticity of the airway wall and airway narrowing. There are 3 patterns of morphologic Emphysema, namely:
1. Centracinar
Characterized by damage to the bronchioles and central parts of the acini. This type of emphysema is usually found in smokers and the upper lobe is the most severely damaged part.
2. Panacinar
Characterized by extensive damage to all parts of the acinus. This type usually causes severe damage to the lower lobe and is usually found in patients with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency.
3. Distal Acinar
Damage occurs in the distal structures of the airway, ductus and alveolar saccus. This type of emphysema is localized to septa fibrous or pleura and will lead to bullae formation. A ruptured apical bullae can cause spontaneous pneumothorax.

Pulmonary vascular damage
Changes in pulmonary vascular hyperplasia of intima tunica and smooth muscle due to chronic vasoconstriction of small pulmonary arteries triggered by hypoxia. [1, 2]

Reference
1. UpToDate. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Definition, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and staging. February 2017 [Cited 2017 14 March]; Available from: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-definition-clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-staging

2. MedScape. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). March 2017 [ Cited 2017 14 March]; Available from : http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/297664

Causes and Symptoms of COPD

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What Is COPD ?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung inflammatory disease that develops over a long period of time. This disease prevents airflow from the lungs due to blocked swelling and mucus or phlegm, so that sufferers difficult to breathe.

Most COPD people are middle-aged people and smokers. Patients with this disease have a risk for heart disease and lung cancer.

What Causes COPD?

The etiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is damage to the airway or damage to the pulmonary parenchyma. This damage can be caused by:

COPD Causes By Smoke
Smoking is still a major cause of COPD, including second-hand smoke. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in 2005, 5.4 million people died from cigarette consumption. Cigarette-related deaths are expected to increase to 8.3 million deaths per year by 2030 [3].

Smoking stimulates macrophages to release the neutrophil and elastase chemotactic fators that will cause tissue destruction. A study showed that pulmonary function impairment and pulmonary structural changes in patients who smoked had occurred long before clinical symptoms of COPD emerged.

COPD Causes By Environmental Factor
COPD Causes
COPD can occur in patients who have never smoked. Environmental factors are suspected to be the cause but mechanisms are not known for sure. In countries with moderate to high income, smoking is a major cause of COPD, but in low-income countries exposure to air pollution is the cause. Risk factors originating from the environment include indoor pollution, outdoor pollution, chemicals and dust in the work environment, as well as recurrent lower respiratory tract infections at the age of the child.

Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) enzyme deficiency
AAT is an enzyme that serves to neutralize the effects of elastase neutrophils and protect the lung parenchyma from elastase effects. AAT deficiency is a predisposing factor in heat type Emphysema. Severe AAT deficiency will cause premature emphysema at a mean age of 53 years for non-smokers and 40 years in smokers.

Other COPD causes

Other things that can cause COPD are:
  • Hyperresponsive airway
  • Intravenous drug use
  • Immunodeficiency syndrome
  • Vasculitis syndrome
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Symptoms
In the early stages, COPD rarely shows any specific symptoms or signs. The symptoms of this disease only appear when there has been significant damage to the lungs, generally within years.

There are a number of symptoms of COPD that can occur and should be wary of:
  • Cough with phlegm that does not heal with mucus color phlegm colored slightly yellow or green.
  • Breathing is often short of breath, especially during physical activity.
  • Wheezing or breathing congestion and rang.
  • Limp.
  • Weight loss.
  • Chest pain.
  • The legs, ankles, or legs become swollen.
  • Lips or fingernails are blue.

Referensi

1. UpToDate. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Definition, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and staging. February 2017 [Cited 2017 14 March]; Available from: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-definition-clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-staging

2. MedScape. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). March 2017 [ Cited 2017 14 March]; Available from : http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/297664

3. WHO. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). November 2016 [Cited 2017 15 March]; available from: http://www.who.int/respiratory/copd/

gastroenteritis prevention

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Prevention of gastroenteritis

Here are some ways you can do to prevent the occurrence of intestinal infection:
  • Washing hands. Wash the whole hand (including the sidelines of the nail) to clean. Use soap, then rub
    your hands for about 20 seconds, and rinse with clean water. If there is no soap and water, use a cleaning wipes or hand sanitizer.
  • Always wear personal equipment. It is advisable to use your own cutlery and drinkware, such as cups, plates, spoons, and forks. Avoid wearing cutlery alternately with others. Make sure every family member has their own towels.
  • Keep the distance. If you are forced to make contact with a person infected with gastroenteritis, try to keep a distance from it. Do not touch items used by an infected person.
  • Cleaning stuff. Clean items, places, and also surfaces touched by an infected person. Objects such as table surfaces, taps, door handles, spoons, forks, and other equipment used by gastroenteritis patients living in your home can become a medium of transmission of the virus.
  • Rotavirus vaccine. This vaccine is given to prevent diarrhea due to rotavirus. There are two types of rotavirus vaccine spread in Indonesia, namely rotateq and rotarix. Rotateq is given three doses at infants aged 6-14 weeks, 4-8 weeks later, and 8 months of age. While rotarix is ​​given two doses at the age of 10 weeks and 14 weeks (6 months).

In addition to some of the above efforts, there are some things you can consider to prevent gastroenteritis. If you are traveling or in a public place, you should be careful in choosing foods and beverages that you consume. Here are some things to avoid:
  • Avoid eating raw foods, either vegetables or fruits that have been peeled or touched by the hands of others.
  • Do not eat meat that is half-baked.
  • Buy bottled water to avoid consuming contaminated water. Including when you brush your teeth, it is advisable to keep using bottled water.
  • Avoid consuming ice cubes that are not guaranteed cleanliness, because it could be the water used to make ice is contaminated by the virus.

who are at high risk of gastroenteritis

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What is Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis is an infection of the stomach and intestines caused by several types of viruses and bacteria. This condition is also known as flu or gastric flu. Gastroenteritis can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
abdominal cramps, or indeed fever in the sufferer.

Gastroenteritis can spread through contact with people who have been contaminated with the virus. These infections are easy to use in public spaces, such as in classrooms, child care, or general care rooms.

Causes of Gastroenteritis
Overcooked foods are left too long in room temperature can also be the cause of the emergence of gastroenteritis bacteria. These infections are often characterized by nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. This condition is often referred to as food poisoning. Gastroenteritis rarely causes complications. However, this condition can be fatal or even deadly if it occurs in infants, parents, and people who have problems with their immune system.

Here are some groups of individuals who are at high risk of gastroenteritis, including:

  • Small children. Children are more susceptible to viral infections because they do not have a strong immune system.
  • School children and living in dormitories. This infection can be transmitted easily in places where there are many people gathered at close range.
  • The elderly. The immune system in the elderly will decrease. These infections can easily be transmitted to the elderly if they live close to the person potentially spreading the germs.
  • People with weak immune systems. People with certain medical conditions, such as HIV and chemotherapy, are at higher risk of contracting infections because their immunities are attacked by the conditions they are suffering.
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